![]() Despite these accomplishments other goals such as access to healthcare and protections against sexual harassment and rape were left largely unachieved as the movement began to face increasing conservative backlash. The movement was successful in opening freedoms and eliminating legal forms of discrimination against women, notably through a state law legalizing of abortion, ratification of the federal Equal Rights Amendment and passage of a Washington State Equal Rights law, and reforms to marriage and divorce laws. Instead, in Washington the two wings of the movement were clearly defined yet mostly operated together, forming a tense but effective collaboration that achieved important victories. ![]() The tactics and strategy of both liberal and radical feminists differentiated the Washington movements from those in many states and the national second-wave feminist movement, where the lines between the two often became “blurred,” as historian Ruth Rosen argues. Women’s liberation and radical feminists directly challenged societal attitudes through grassroots activism and demonstrations, proposing radical solutions and extending gender norms and claiming expanded rights of citizenship. Liberal feminist organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW) focused on pressuring those in politically powerful positions and recruiting women to run for elected office, using conventional political methods and bi-partisan political moderation as a means to change the political status quo. This remarkable turn-around was enabled by the two distinct wings of the second-wave feminist movement who cooperated to take advantage of key political opportunities. Interviews with Coontz, Winslow, Erin Von Bronkhurst, and Dan Evans helped guide this article.ĭan Evans served as governor of Washington State from 1965 to 1973.Īs late as 1969, very few women were represented in government or significant positions of influence in Washington State, and yet by 1977 the state had legalized abortion, ratified the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), and eliminated decades of laws discriminating on the basis of sex, making it one of the most progressive states on women’s issues in the nation. Stephanie Coontz was active in radical politics and the feminist movement at the University of Washington. Published by a Seattle collective starting in 1970, Pandora appeared on a weekly then monthly schedule through most of the decade.Ĭartoon lampoons the Women's movement. Pandora was the most widely read of the independent feminist periodical founded in the 1970s. In the fall of 1968, Barbara Winslow co-founded Women’s Liberation-Seattle (WL-S) at the University of Washington campus. Washington's 1970 Abortion Reform Victory: The Referendum 20 Campaign, by Angie Weissġ972-73 Campaign for Washington State's ERA, by Hope Morris Read about the campaigns that changed Washington State law in 1970: Two years later an innovative campaign involving both lobbying in Olympia and grassroots mobilization across the state, secured both legislative approval of the federal ERA amendment and a state ballot measure establishing equal rights in the state constitution. ![]() Radical and liberal feminists joined in a successful campaign for abortion rights in 19, resulting in the passage of Referendum 20. Governor Albert Rosellini with members of the Governor's Commission on the Status of Women established in 1963 ![]() Both wings of the feminist movement joined in the campaign to end the state law making abortion illegal, winning a huge victory in 1970. ![]() The Seattle chapter of NOW was launched in 1970 and quickly asserted itself in the campaign to reform the state's abortion laws. The organization Radical Women had formed in 1967, led initially by Clara Fraser and Susan Stern. The Woman's Liberation Movement announced itself with this flyer at University of Washington in early 1969. ![]()
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